最新报道：According to Bijie.com, compiled by GaryMa Wu, the Bijie.com team summarized the key blockchain developments of July: the application and controversy surrounding Bitcoin's OP_CHECKSIGFROMSTACK (CSFS). Developers discussed how CTV+CSFS could accelerate the Lightning Network's upgrade to PTLCs and simplify the protocol stack. However, a lack of tool support and standardization hindered progress, sacrificing on-chain efficiency. An open letter (signed by 66 people) requested Bitcoin Core contributors prioritize the review and integration of CTV+CSFS within six months, sparking heated discussion. Controversy arose over the necessity of legacy script support, the limitations of CTV vaults (such as address reuse and the risk of fund theft), and the advantages of key deletion and static recovery. Bitcoin Core contributors criticized the letter for imposing pressure, emphasizing the need for technical consensus rather than public pressure. Discussions on BitVM regarding CTV+CSFS demonstrated its potential to reduce transaction sizes and support non-interactive pegs, with some of these ideas validated by test software. Further reading: Ethereum · Fusaka Upgrade Progress: Latest Fusaka Mainnet Upgrade Timeline (Fusaka Release Candidate Client Ready September 1st, Public Testnet Upgrade September 15/22nd and October 6th, Mainnet Upgrade November 5th). · Glamsterdam Upgrade Preparations: Developers have begun selecting core features for the next upgrade, Glamsterdam. The shortlist includes EIP-7732 (ePBS), EIP-7783 (6-second slot time), and EIP-7805 (FOCIL). · Ethereum Mainnet Gas Limit Increased to 45 Million. Vitalik Buterin and Toni Wahrstätter jointly proposed EIP-7983, which proposes setting the gas cap for a single Ethereum transaction to 16.77 million (independent of the block gas cap). This proposal aims to enhance the network's resilience to DoS attacks, mitigate the uneven load, state bloat, and block verification delays caused by high-gas transactions, and optimize zkVM compatibility and parallel execution efficiency. The proposal is currently in draft form. Ethereum's L2s Polygon PoS network launched the Heimdall v2 consensus layer upgrade, the most technically complex hard fork since the mainnet launch in 2020. This upgrade migrates Heimdall from the legacy Tendermint + Cosmos SDK v0.37 to CometBFT + Cosmos SDK v0.50, reducing finality to approximately 5 seconds and completely removing legacy technical debt. Solana · Jito Foundation and Jito Labs jointly launched the Block Assembly Marketplace (BAM), the Solana blockchain building framework. Using a trusted execution environment (TEE), BAM enables verifiable transaction ordering, programmable execution logic, and a new revenue distribution mechanism, aiming to mitigate harmful MEV and improve on-chain transparency. BAM consists of scheduling nodes (BAM Nodes), upgraded validators (BAM Validators), and a plugin system. BAM supports custom transaction ordering logic, allowing developers to charge fees through plugins, with node operators, validators, and stakers sharing revenue according to a built-in model. Proposal SIMD-0256, which increases the Solana block limit to 60M CUs, has been activated on mainnet. The Solana core development team released a new proposal, SIMD-0286, which proposes increasing the computational capacity per block from 60 million to 100 million compute units (CUs). BNB Chain: In the first half of 2025, BNB Chain completed two hard fork upgrades (Lorentz & Maxwell), reducing block times to 0.75 seconds and final confirmation times to 1.875 seconds. Daily transaction counts peaked at 17.6 million, and average gas fees dropped to approximately $0.01. Through the Goodwill Alliance, malicious MEV attacks were reduced by 95%. In the second half of the year, BNB Chain increased the block gas limit to 1 billion to support higher-frequency on-chain activity. In 2026, BNB Chain aims to improve transaction confirmation speed and processing capacity, and introduce native privacy features. The BNB Chain community proposed BEP-593, which plans to introduce an ultra-efficient consensus mechanism with the following technical improvements: Validator node ID registration for improved node management efficiency; Faster direct message propagation to reduce network latency; Reduced network congestion to improve overall performance. This proposal aims to further optimize the efficiency of BNB Chain's decentralized network. · BNB Chain announced that the FastFinality mechanism has been fully integrated into the Binance platform: Transaction confirmation has been reduced from 15 blocks to 5 blocks, and the confirmation speed has increased by 83%. Supported by more than 66% of the validator consensus, it ensures security. It provides a faster settlement experience for applications such as DeFi, NFT and on-chain games. This mechanism significantly improves the response speed and user experience of on-chain applications. Base· Base launched BaseApp, which was described by the community as "Crypto version of WeChat + TikTok + Alipay + App Store". BaseApp integrates AI Agent, Mini App collection, Farcaster information flow and video streaming, providing a seamless on-chain social, payment and application distribution experience.Hyperliquid has successfully deployed the CoreWriter system contract on its mainnet, marking seamless bidirectional interaction between HyperEVM (Hyperliquid's smart contract layer) and HyperCore (its high-performance trading engine). CoreWriter empowers HyperEVM to write and modify HyperCore's state, complementing the atomic data read functionality previously implemented through Read Precompiles precompiled contracts (including prices, order books, and user positions), without relying on off-chain systems or complex logic. The launch of CoreWriter marks a significant step for Hyperliquid, moving from a purely decentralized perpetual contract platform to a programmable financial ecosystem. Cosmos has announced that the Cosmos team has suspended plans to launch an EVM platform on the Cosmos Hub and will re-evaluate its path. The team stated that the high cost of building a VM and its significant impact on the existing user experience are inconsistent with the core strengths of the Cosmos multi-chain interconnected ecosystem. Going forward, the team will focus on providing services through Inter-chain Business Computing (IBC) and strengthening the Hub's role in the Layer 1 service market. Other news: The DoubleZero protocol, focused on optimizing communication efficiency in distributed systems, announced native multicast support. Most blockchains currently rely on unicast, where each validator repeatedly sends the same data packets to every peer, a practice that wastes bandwidth and increases latency. The core advantages of multicast include single-shot delivery, in-network replication, data delivery only to subscribers, and deterministic fiber routing. DoubleZero introduces multicast technology to decentralized systems for the first time through on-chain group configuration and permissions management, achieving performance comparable to traditional financial infrastructure. Sonic Research released the SonicCS 2.0 consensus protocol, which utilizes a DAG architecture and introduces an overlapping election mechanism to parallelize transaction ordering across multiple blocks. The new protocol represents voting structures using 0–1 matrices and leverages SIMD instructions (such as AVX2) to vectorize the election process, accelerating voting and aggregation computations. Testing on the mainnet over 200 epochs showed an average speedup of 2x and a 68% reduction in memory usage. The official plan is to integrate this protocol in a subsequent client version and will release a technical report detailing its implementation. The GMX V1 GLP pool on Arbitrum was attacked, resulting in the transfer of approximately $40 million in tokens to an unknown wallet address. Regarding the GMX hack, SlowMist pointed out that the root cause of the attack was a design flaw in GMX v1: short sales immediately updated the global average short price (globalShortAveragePrices), which in turn affected the calculation of AUM (total assets under management), allowing the GLP price to be manipulated. The attacker exploited the Keeper permission that enables the timelock.enableLeverage function when executing orders. Through a reentrancy attack, the attacker created a large short position, manipulated the global average price, artificially inflated the GLP price in a single transaction, and profited through redemption arbitrage. Sonic Labs provided an in-depth analysis of its independently developed, high-performance Ethereum virtual machine, SonicVM. By introducing a new Long-Format instruction encoding, hash function optimizations, and instruction scheduling refactoring, SonicVM achieved an average execution rate of 1300 MGas/s on the Sonic mainnet, a 6.5x increase compared to Geth. To ensure compatibility, SonicVM uses a proprietary consistency testing framework, integrated with 14 versions of Geth's specifications, and has run over 16 billion test cases. Anoma officially launched its testnet on July 15th, introducing a decentralized operating system architecture based on user intent and demonstrating its cross-chain capabilities through a 3D visual interactive interface. Anoma stated that the system aims to eliminate the complexity of multi-chain application development and has partnered with projects such as Celestia, EigenLayer, Near, and RiscZero, with plans to gradually roll out mainnet functionality across multiple L1 and L2 networks. The Core Foundation officially launched Rev+, a protocol-level, on-chain revenue-sharing mechanism that provides ongoing incentives for developers, stablecoin issuers, and decentralized organizations. Rev+ allows project owners and stablecoin issuers to obtain stable income from on-chain transactions, and distributes gas fees based on contributions such as transaction volume and address activity. · Tac, a third-party Layer 1 blockchain network, announced the launch of its mainnet, dedicated to seamlessly connecting EVM DApps to the TON and Telegram ecosystems. The network allows Telegram users to use DeFi protocols such as Curve, Morpho, and Euler directly in the messaging app, while providing developers with a deployment method that does not require rewriting code. Tac has raised a total of US$11.5 million in financing, with the latest round led by Hack VC. · Mira, an AI content verification network, announced the launch of Mira Verify, a system that identifies hallucinations and false information through a multi-model consensus mechanism. The system can automatically extract factual statements in text and independently verify them through different AI models in the network, returning result labels of "true", "false" or "no consensus". · The Conflux tree graph public chain released version 3.0 in Shanghai in July and is scheduled to go online in AugustThe transaction processing capacity has been increased to 15,000 TPS, and it supports AI agent calls and RWA settlement. TreeGraph was developed by a team with backgrounds in Tsinghua University and has achieved cross-chain interoperability with multiple mainstream public chains. In the future, we will work with partners to promote offshore RMB stablecoins and cross-border settlement pilots in the "Belt and Road" countries.