最新报道:Since 2020, nearly $2 billion has been extracted from Ethereum traders via Maximal Extractable Value (MEV), where bots front-run visible transactions in the mempool. This systematic practice, exemplified by a single trader losing $714,000 in minutes to sandwich attacks, leads to worse-than-expected slippage and broken limit orders, deterring institutional capital that requires reliable execution. While temporary solutions like private mempools exist, the consensus layer needs encryption for transactions to prevent pre-execution visibility and enable a fair, institution-ready DeFi ecosystem.